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     CONOSCIAMO I PROTESTANTI?


E RRORI COMUNI AI PROTESTANTI:

Accettano le scritture come fonte unica della rivelazione cristiana, rifiutando tutto il patrimonio dottrinale della Tradizione e del Magistero ecclesiastico.

Dal nr dei libri ispirati della Sacra Scrittura escludono alcuni libri del AT. Altre sette protestanti escludono del NT la lettera agli Ebrei, lettera di Giacomo. la II lettera di Pietro, la II e la III lett. Di Giovanni.

Rifiutando il Magistero della Chiesa (per magistero si intende il Papa ed i vescovi in qualità di Maestri della Parola di Dio e pastori del gregge (Atti 20,28), affidano al libero esame individuale la comprensione della Sacra Scrittura che essi pongono nelle mani dei fedeli senza le necessarie note illustrative dei punti più difficili e oscuri, creando confusione e discordie senza fine anche sui punti più importanti della dottrina cristiana.

PECCATO ORIGINALE E BATTESIMO: 

Per la maggior parte dei protestanti il peccato originale è una corruzione essenziale della nostra natura; è immedesimato con la nostra natura e corrompe ogni nostra opera che perciò nulla può giovarci alla salvezza. La fede sola giustifica (= ci rende giusti, ci santifica): il battesimo è solo un rito simbolico di iscrizione al cristianesimo. L’immersione è l’unico battesimo valido.

THE JUSTIFICATION AND WORKS:

The merits of Jesus Christ the Redeemer are applied to man through faith, but does not provide any real justification (sanctification) inside. The sins are covered, but not deleted.

Protestants ignore it the supernatural and grace.

The good works are a natural manifestation of the Faith, but they do not need to deserve eternal life due to us only for the merits of Christ who gives it to those who believe in Him works of penance are unnecessary and were never commanded by Christ.

Christ and the Holy Trinity ': many Protestant sects belonging to the modern liberal deny the divinity of Jesus Christ, and considering it as Master of truth and holiness, but not the Redeemer men in the Catholic sense. The work of Christ is called redemption by them in the sense that Christ has raised humanity with its sublime teachings. Therefore deny the Holy Trinity. They ignore the Holy Spirit is called "spirit of God" confuse it with the Father as the only person who acknowledge God.

primacy and infallibility ':

unanimously deny that Christ has made a real record of el'infallibilità jurisdiction (which they confuse with the flawless) to S. Peter and his direct and legitimate successors, the popes.

Hierarchy and celibacy

Many Protestants, especially the adherents of many liberal sects, deny that Christ has established in his Church a hierarchy and un sacerdozio speciale. Altri affermano che siamo tutti sacerdoti.

LA SS. EUCARESTIA: 

Negando l’efficacia di tutti i sacramenti, insegnano che Gesù nell’ultima Cena ha istituito un rito semplicemente commemorativo della sua Passione; negando quindi la presenza reale di Gesù nella SS. Eucarestia; negano pure la realtà del Sacrificio Eucaristico come superfluo dopo quello della croce; affermano anzi che la messa dei cattolici è un insulto a Dio ed una violazione delle scritture.

auricular confession of sins:

unanimously deny the necessity of confession to the priest, saying it is not of Biblical origin, but later invention of the Catholic Church. Admit a general confession of their sins to God to do for the sins committed against him and his brothers of the same faith for the wrongs committed against them. Also deny the distinction between mortal and venial sin.

hell, and purgatory:

Many Protestants deny the eternity of hell, preferring to believe that the evil of punishment for their sins are completely destroyed. Some of them also deny the immortality of the soul. Unanimously deny the existence of purgatory and the utility of prayers for the dead, thus denying the reality and usefulness of indulgences.



MARY:
saying that Mary is the Mother of Christ, but they say it can not be awarded the title of Mother of God against this divine grandeur of Mary hurtle especially those sects modern liberals who deny the mystery of the Holy Trinity, and consequently the divinity of Christ.
deny the perpetual virginity of Mary, saying that if she was the mother, could not be a virgin, most Protestants deny the reality in historical fact or even the possibility of miracles. By Scripture, they believe they can also get that Maria SS. had other children besides Jesus
not recognize the doctrine (faith = truth) nor that of the Immaculate Conception of Mary of the Assumption into heaven. For them, Mary was a lucky woman, but common.

IMAGES AND RELICS:
superstitious and say it is insulting towards any of God forma di culto alla Vergine e ai santi. Dicono idolatrica la venerazione che i cattolici hanno per le reliquie dei Santi.

LA VERA CHIESA DI CRISTO:  

I protestanti negano il valore delle note caratteristiche che Cristo diede all’unica vera Chiesa da Lui fondata per renderla riconoscibile ai credenti tra tante false chiese. Negano cioè, che la vera Chiesa di Cristo sia Una, Santa, Cattolica ed Apostolica. Negano ciò perché le loro chiese non hanno queste caratteristiche e quindi non sono la vera chiesa di Cristo.


LA BIBBIA E LE BIBBIE

  1)    DOVEROSE PRECISAZIONI

La Bibbia è una sola. Non vi sono più Bibbie. Essa è una raccolta di scritti o libri composti da vari autori lungo un arco di tempo di più di mille anni.

L’unica Bibbia è divisa in due parti. La prima chiamata Antico Testamento, è stata scritta prima di Gesù Cristo quasi tutta in lingua Ebraica. La seconda parte, a cui si dà il nome di Nuovo Testamento, comprende gli scritti the first disciples of Christ (the apostles and Evangelists). It was composed in Greek during the first century of the Christian era.

the only Bible many translations exist. The part of the Hebrew Bible was translated or AT for the first time in Greek during the third and second centuries BC. It 'called Alexandrian is supposed to be the place where the translation was made, ie Alexandria, Egypt. It 'also known as the Septuagint (which is denoted by nr. Romano LXX) the number of translators that an ancient tradition says they were seventy learned Jews living outside Palestine or purposely went from Jerusalem to Alexandria.

In epoca cristiana, a cominciare dal secondo secolo, si l’AT che il NT, furono tradotti in altre lingue, quelle vive e parlate (Latino, Siriaco, Slavo, ecc.) per renderli accessibili ai popoli convertiti al cristianesimo.

In tempi a noi più vicini si cominciò a tradurre la Bibbia nelle lingue moderne (tedesco, inglese, spagnolo, italiano, francese ecc.). oggi ci sono centinaia di traduzioni della Bibbia in quasi tutte le lingue parlate, anche quelle meno diffuse e conosciute.

2)    La Bibbia sola è guida sufficiente?

One of the many slogans or phrases for effect frequently mentioned by the Protestant says: "The Bible is the only rule of faith. Where the Bible speaks we speak, where it is silent, taciamo too. "

To recognize the Bible as the one and only rule of faith, not only is contrary to the teaching of Holy Scripture, but is also contrary to the most elementary common sense. Indeed the guidance established by Jesus to make known to all men the doctrine should be:

a) reliable and comprehensive

b) accessible and understandable to all.

c) Fit to resolve any dispute regarding religious

A) The Bible is not reliable and comprehensive guide.

fact to say that it is the only sure guide to know the revealed truth, we must first know that it is a book inspired by God or not.

Certainty of divine inspiration of a book there can be given by the book itself because any fool can tell exalted fact that the books written by him to have been dictated (or inspired) by God

Moreover, the Bible contains only part of the divine revelation, so much so that in Acts 20.35 is preserved a saying of Jesus that is not mentioned by any of the Gospels: "It is more blessed to give than to receive."

Again, the Apostle Saint John in his Gospel says: "Jesus did many other signs in the presence of his disciples, but were not written in questo libro” (Gv 20,30); “Vi sono ancora altre molte cose compiute da Gesù che, se fossero scritte una per una, penso che il mondo stesso non basterebbe a contenere i libri che si dovrebbero scrivere”. (Gv 21,25).

B) Le Sacre Scritture non erano accessibili ai primi cristiani perché non furono complete se non dopo parecchi anni che esisteva il cristianesimo; la stampa poi fu inventata nel 1440 e perciò fino ad allora era materialmente impossibile procurarne una copia ad ogni singolo fedele. Ed ancora oggi come ieri per parecchi cristiani rimane un libro sigillato perché non sanno leggere.

  La Bible is not understandable at all, because there are many difficult and obscure passages, not just for the simple people, but also for the educated. St. Peter himself warns us that in the letters of St. Paul there are "things hard to understand, which ignorant and unstable include pain, as do other parts of Scripture to their own destruction" (2 Peter 3:16).

St. Luke in the Acts of the Apostles, says that the Ethiopian as he was bringing in the carriage was reading the book of Isaiah. Questioned by Philip if he understood the meaning of what he was reading, he replied: "How can I understand if nobody I give the explanation? " (Acts 8, 30-31)

C) The Bible alone can not give us the opportunity to resolve all disputes in religious matters. Tests are the contradiction they fall into the same fact that Protestants are divided among themselves into many sects, though based on the Bible itself.

So the Bible is not the only rule of faith established by God to make known to men the truth to believe and precepts to be observed, but is required Tradition divina apostolica, tradizione, nel concetto cattolico, è la Parola di Dio non scritta, ma tramandata dagli Apostoli fino a noi, sotto l’influenza dello Spirito Santo. E’ una regola di fede distinta dalla Sacra Scrittura, ma ha lo stesso valore.

Se era infatti volontà di Gesù che il suo insegnamento si propagasse unicamento per mezzo della Sacra Scrittura, Egli stesso avrebbe scritto di suo pugno un trattato completo della sua dottrina; invece Egli nulla scrisse, né comandò agli Apostoli di scrivere. Insegnò e diede agli Apostoli la missione di insegnare assicurando loro una continua assistenza

Could Jesus have to say more clear and precise than these? "All power was given to me in heaven and on earth. Go and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you: and behold I am with you always, until the end of the world "(Mt 28.18).

The Apostles understood very well that their mission was to preach the truth of Christ to the world, and, in turn, to order that their successors would continue the mission until the end of time. St. Paul in this regard is clear:

"What you heard from me in the presence of many witnesses, confidale a trusted men, able to teach others" (2 Timothy 2:2), "command and teach these things" (1 Timothy 2:2), "Teach these things and Command" (1 Timothy 4:11). "Therefore, brethren, stand fast and hold firm to the teachings you have received with both the discourse, either by means of our letter" (2 Thessalonians 2:14). And St. John writes in his third letter: "I would have so many things to write, but I wanted to write with pen and inchiostreo, because I hope to see you soon and then we speak face to face" (3 Jn 1:13-14).

From all this it is clear that the Gospel was entrusted primarily to the preaching, the Church, faithful guardian of the Word of God, has the right to seek not only to the Bible, but also in other writings and practice of Christians lived in the centuries closer to the apostolic preaching. Appealing to these Christians, we consider them as witnesses to divine revelation.

The main instruments through which preserves the tradition are the professions of faith, the sacred liturgy, the writings of the Fathers, the Acts Martyrs, the Church's practice, the archaeological monuments.

Sacred Scripture and Tradition, therefore, are two organs of the same religious reality that complement each other, are two expressions (one written and oral) of the same Truth and a life that is Christ and the Holy Spirit, which only originates from the Revelation. Want to separate the Sacred Scripture and Church tradition, is to build the confusion of ideas which Protestants give us sad spectacle.

And, after all, what do the Protestants se non abolire la Tradizione che c’è sempre stata nella Chiesa Cattolica e sostituirla con un’altra tradizione che hanno fondato loro o i loro capi?

Gesù stesso potrebbe dire loro: “così avete annullato la Parola di Dio in nome della vostra tradizione. Ipocriti! Bene ha profetato di voi Isaia dicendo: invano essi mi rendono culto, insegnando dottrine che sono precetti di uomini” (Mt 15, 6-9).

San Paolo medesimo aveva gia avvertito i cristiani di non rendersi schiavi, lasciandosi sedurre da una tradizione umana: “State attenti che nessuno vi faccia sua preda con sottili ragionamenti filosofici e con vane astuzie basate sulla tradizione degli uomini, ma non su Cristo” (Colossesi 2,8).


COME LEGGERE LA BIBBIA?

Come il lettore avrà osservato leggendo l’elenco dei libri della Bibbia, essi vengono tradizionalmente raggruppati in libri storici, didattici e profetici.

Questa divisione è stata fatta perché alcuni libri della Bibbia intendono riferire fatti storici, veramente accaduti; altri intendono solo dare un insegnamento; altri ancora vogliono annunciare eventi futuri.

The division, however, is not rigid: some books, "historic" containing parts "educational" or "prophetic" and vice versa. Sometimes history is taught through a poem (like the story of creation in Genesis 1 and 2) or symbolic (such as original sin in Genesis 2)

However when it is clear that the 'sacred author intends to tell the historical facts there is no reason to doubt their historicity. This is particularly evident in the Gospel narratives, written by eyewitnesses or their contemporaries worthy of the utmost faith, and never contradicted even by the enemies of Christ.

If you add the perfect correlation between the events narrated in the Bible and those of profane history (see in this regard: Werner Keller, the Bible was right), the exact description of the places, the perfect knowledge the customs and mentality of the time, and especially the extraordinary claim that the Gospels have enjoyed among his contemporaries, to push them to give their lives to bear witness to the truth, then we understand that everything that is told in the Gospels is that the narrative faithful to what has historically happened.

is also essential to bear in mind that the whole of Sacred Scripture was written under the inspiration of God, and therefore has God as the author. For the believer, in fact, the Bible is not only a document of literary history, but also and especially the message of God to humanity. The Jewish people and then Jesus himself with the Apostles and the Church, have always considered the Bible the Word of God, and God himself its true author.

This is because it "God, for the composition of the sacred books ... .. chose the men in whom he acted the same ... .... that would write, come veri autori, tutte e soltanto quelle cose che  Egli voleva fossero scritte” (vedere Dei Verbum). Questa speciale assistenza di Dio è chiamata “ispirazione”.

Ne consegue che per sapere con esattezza quali cose Dio ci ha voluto rivelare e per interpretare correttamente la Bibbia dobbiamo tener conto:

a) del “genere letterario” (storico, poetico, didattico, profetico) nel quale l’autore sacro ha voluto esprimersi;

b) dell’ ”analogia della fede”, cioè del fatto that every step of the Bible should be in harmony and not in contradiction with the rest of divine revelation: God can not contradict it;

C) the "final approval of the Church" , which alone has the divine mandate from Jesus Christ and the ministry to preserve and interpret the Word of God, as stated in more detail later.

Besides these three basic rules, it goes without saying that for the correct interpretation of a text (also valid for profane sciences, and accepted even by atheists) is ignored by some Protestant sects, notably the Jehovah's Witnesses. Citing verses from the Bible, regardless of their context, do not tell us what the Bible really says, but what they want to say to the Bible.

SCRIPTURE: THE BIBLICAL CANON

as the Holy Scripture or Bible indicates the sacred books of all 73 which it is composed: the Old Testament 46 and 27 of the New Testament. The criterion for discerning the books inspired by God is not inspired from the acceptance of them by the Apostles and their legitimate successors, to whom Jesus entrusted the task of teaching the truth.

This can be clearly inferred from Scripture:

- "As the Father has sent me, 'I send you "(John 20:21);

- "Go and make disciples of all nations ... .. teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you" (Mt 28, 19-20);

- "He who hears you hears me, he who rejects you rejects me" (Luke 10:16).

In fact, the legitimate successors of the Apostles, that the early popes and bishops loyal to the first command of Jesus to teach the truth, condemned as books are not inspired by God the Apocrypha. They also indicate the list (or canon) of all individual and the inspired books of the Bible as early as the Synod of Rome in 382 and that of Carthage in 397, that is 1300 years before the birth of Protestantism.

Nevertheless, the heads of Protestantism, of the 73 books of the Bible have accepted only 66 refusing to seven: Tobit, Judith, Wisdom, Sirach, Baruch, First and Second Maccabees, and some Protestant sects, the letter St. James, distributing it to the Christian people an incomplete Bible.

But the fakes on the book of God, the Lord says in Revelation: "Who you add something, God unto him the plagues described in this book, and those who take away a word of this book, God will deprive the tree of life "(Revelation 22: 18-19)

The Bible of the Protestants, also are without clarifying notes, and they, therefore, encourage misinterpretation, not a few passages from the Bible, then, have resulted in inaccurate and tendentious way.

Just because the Bible can be correctly understood by the faithful, the church has determined that there are developed in circolazione le Bibbie senza l’Imprimatur della competente autorità ecclesiastica e senza note che spieghino ai lettori i passi più difficili;

per tali motivi la Chiesa Cattolica ritiene che non è lecito leggere la Bibbia senza le note chiarificatrici e l’Imprimatur della Chiesa Romana. E’ secondo la scrittura questo modo di fare? Si, certamente! Infatti san Pietro scrive nella Parola di Dio “Ci sono alcune cose difficili da comprendere e gli ignoranti e gli instabili le travisano, al pario delle altre Scritture, per loro propria rovina”. (2 Pietro 3, 15-16)

ma c’è di più! Nella medesima lettera (Chapter 1, verse 20) Peter says: "... .. no prophecy of Scripture (and this is all prophecy in the Word of God and the proclamation of Christ) is subject to private interpretation.

Going against this clear admonition of the Bible, Luther (the founder of Protestantism) laid the foundation of his teaching the principle of free examination of Scripture, according to which everyone has the right to drawn from the Bible (according to his own private interpretation) the doctrine to be believed (and the freedom to start their own sect or Church).

Leaving everyone the freedom to interpret the Bible as it wants, it does not help in the way of salvation, becomes a stumbling block but, since everyone can interpret it according to their own convenience or caprice. So you can have the case of some people who know the Bible by heart, but it does not understand anything.

E 'Jesus himself said that. He says that his listeners (who knew the Bible) to search the Scriptures have in them the eternal life, and yet they did not understand anything, because they rejected Him and His Gospel, that the same scriptures had foretold for centuries ! (John 5, 39-40).

Protestantism, moreover, does involve the Evangelization of Peoples in distributing Bibles without the necessary support of the Magisterium c clesiastico, without the right interpretation of the Word of God which is given by the legitimate pastors of the Church.

But what use then distribute Bibles if anyone can interpret it as you want? How do you know who will play in the right way? And Jesus said, distributed Bibles and discuss, because the free exchange of interpretations, the truth will sprout. He said instead: "make disciples ... .. ... ... bat rebaptized. Taught" (Matthew 28: 18-20) and was told that the Twelve.

the principle of authority '

Protestants collectively rejected the principle of authority and freedom to profess the interpretation of the Bible. As this is contrary to the Sacred Scripture as we have seen. But it is also the reason that is not only against the Protestants and the Bible. In fact, if a state were left open to interpretation and application of the code of the laws would reign of chaos. For this reason, all states have the Constitutional Court gives the right interpretation of code of laws and its decisions are indisputable and regulations for judges. Among Protestants, there being a supreme religious authority, were born hundreds of sects (and there are always fresh), so that everyone feels entitled to give its own interpretation of the Bible. The only exceptions are the major Protestant groups, in which the principle of authority, kicked the door, came back from the window. For they have replaced the authority of the Pope el'infallibilità with that of Luther, Calvin and other Protestant leaders. This suggests many things to those who want to understand ... ....

But Jesus has put on his one true Church an infallible authority, established in S. Peter, the first pope and the apostolic college (and not Luther, Calvin and other Protestants). This

understood it so well that when the Apostles first arose among Christians doubt on matters of faith (on circumcision and the prohibition against eating meat sacrificed to idols), they gathered in Jerusalem and 51 to determine how they should behave the Christians (Acts ch. 15).

The same St. Paul repeatedly went to Jerusalem to compare his doctrine with that of Peter and the Apostles is not frustrated by his preaching as he says (Galatians 2:2).

Chapter IV

I deuterocanonical

1) differences Bibles

There is also a quantitative difference, mathematics, including the Bible of the Catholics and the Protestants, which is the number of books, in fact, the Bible of the Protestants, in its first part, or AT, has seven books in less than of Catholics. They are: Tobit, Judith, Wisdom, Ecclesiasticus (or Sirach), the first and Second Book of Maccabees, Baruch, Letter of Jeremiah.

These seven books missing in the Protestant Bible and in the present instead of Catholics are called Deuterocanonical. Therefore, the Bible of the Catholics, the first part or AT, contains 46 books, while only 39 Protestant. The difference of the two Bibles is clear mathematics.

Among the Deuterocanonical, there is also the second book of Maccabees, and since this book is a solid basis for the Catholic doctrine of Purgatory (2 Maccabees 12.39 to 45), we recall briefly the reasons why the Catholic Church considers as inspired and therefore essential part of the Bible also the seven Deuterocanonical books.

2) JUSTIFICATION

Deuterocanonical The word derives from the greek deutero (= second) and Kanon (= rule, rule, canon).

Calling the seven Deuterocanonical books listed above is not to say that they are seconds, which is lower than the other books of the Bible, in terms of dignity, that is inspiration. In this respect they are like other 39 books. Just want to say that the Catholic Church recognized them come ispirati in un secondo tempo rispetto agli altri. In altre parole, poiché vi erano alcuni dubbi nei loro riguardi, la Chiesa volle prima accertarsi come esorta l’Apostolo (1 Tessalonicesi 5,21) sull’origine dei dèuterocanònici. Quando poi ha avuto prove sicure sulla loro natura o dignità di libri ispirati, li dichiarò parte del canone o regola della fede.

Perché?

La ragione fondamentale è il fatto che i dèuterocanònici sono inclusi nella Bibbia detta dei Settanta, ora tale Bibbia fu largamente usata dai primi cristiani, dagli Apostoli and Evangelists, and is quoted extensively in the inspired books, declared them part of the canon or rule of faith.

version of the LXX (Septuagint), spread among all the Jews of the Greek-Roman world, was in the hands of the preachers of the Gospel an effective instrument of conquest, first among the Jews themselves, then among pagans. The Septuagint was the ally of the Gospel. Of the 350 citations in the New Testament it is estimated that about 300 correspond to the Septuagint. The Septuagint is the main source of these quotes.

From this undeniable historical fact can and must dedurre almeno due conclusioni:

La prima. Se la Chiesa del tempo degli Apostoli ha fatto largo uso della Bibbia dei settanta, che conteneva anche i libri detti in seguito dèuterocanònici, è segno evidente che questi libri erano ritenuti dagli Apostoli ed Evangelisti come ispirati, cioè come Parola di Dio. La vera Chiesa di Cristo di ogni tempo può e deve fare altrettanto.

La seconda. I Giudei, ai quali gli Apostoli ed Evangelisti annunciavano il Vangelo, non avevano nessuna difficoltà ad accettare la Bibbia dei settanta tutta intera, considerando come ispirati anche i dèuterocanònici. Questo è segno evidente che anche tra i Giudei vi era la convinzione che i dèuterocanònici potevano essere considerati parte integrante della Bibbia. La Chiesa, che è il vero popolo di Dio (Galati 6,16), può continuare a fare lo stesso.

3) ORIGINE DELLA BIBBIA DEI LXX

Un po’ di storia circa l’origine della Bibbia dei Settanta può far maggior luce sulla questione che stiamo trattando.

La Bibbia detta dei Settanta, è la prima traduzione in lingua diversa (la lingua greca) dei libri tenuti sacri dagli Ebrei and almost all written in Hebrew. It was made in Alexandria in Egypt between the third and second centuries BC, and is therefore also known as Alexandrian.

At the time of this translation, the list of sacred books of the Jews was not so determined and closed as it was after. The experts believe that there were at least three editions of the Hebrew Scriptures. One of these (Canon Long) also contained the Deuterocanonical; in another (short canon) were absent. Behind the translation of the Septuagint is the fee along.

E 'historically well established that the translators of the Septuagint, in doing the work of translation, did not act independently of religious authorities in Jerusalem. It seems indeed that the very religious authorities have the mandate of Palestine in Alexandria, some learned Rabbi of the Jews living outside Palestine. A

things done, it appears that the religious authorities in Jerusalem have never disputed the translation of the Septuagint, which also contained the Deuterocanonical as part of the Bible. Between the two communities, that of Palestine and that of Alexandria, intercorsero good relations, especially on holy books. Common belief was if not the country, even the common source of faith, although the number of different books considered sacred. These good relations would not could be explained if the Alexandrians were considered sacred by some books repudiated Jerusalem. In terms of writing the Jews were quite rigid and uncompromising.

Two historical records confirm what was said so far.
a) At the time of Jesus and the early Church, there was a synagogue in Jerusalem for the Jewish Alexandrians (Acts 6:9). Now it is known that in the synagogues, in the center of the cult there was the reading of the Bible (Luke 4:16-21). the synagogue in Jerusalem for Alexandrians was certainly read and explained the Septuagint, which also contained the Deuterocanonical. Not that the religious authorities in Jerusalem have banned or challenged this interpretation.

b) A news that we read in the Gospel of John, clearly indicates that the Jews of Palestine, not least those in the Diaspora, the Deuterocanonical not ignored, rather they were based on their religion . In the tenth chapter of John's Gospel, verse 22, is that which occurs in those days, the Feast of Dedication. This festival was celebrated, then as now, by the Jewish community around the world. E 'in Hebrew called "festival of Hanukkah." However, the institution of this feast is spoken only in the Deuterocanonical and precisamente in 1 Maccabei 4,36-59, e 2 Maccabei 1,1-2. 19; 10,1-8. Durante questa festa era letto tutto intero il primo libro dei Maccabei. E' difficile spiegare questo fatto senza ammettere che ai tempi di Gesù tutti gli Ebrei ritenevano come sacri anche i dèuterocanònici.

Possiamo concludere dicendo che ci fu un tempo in cui i sette libri detti dèuterocanònici facevano parte delle Sacre Scritture. Che cosa avvenne dopo?

4. Origine della Bibbia ebraica

Oltre alla Bibbia dei Settanta, abbiamo oggi la Bibbia in ebraico, quella a cui generalmente si riferiscono le traduzioni moderne del Vecchio Testamento quando si qualificano come traduzioni dai testi originali. Come ha avuto origine la Bibbia ebraica? A che epoca risale la sua edizione?
Come gia abbimo accennato al tempo in cui fu fatta la traduzione dei Settanta il canone o l'elenco ufficiale delle Scritture ebraiche non era ancora determinato e chiuso come avvenne dopo. Vi erano più edizioni o elenchi (o canoni) di libri che gli Ebrei ritenevano sacri. Vi era cioè una certa elasticità circa il numero di libri ispirati. Ma questo atteggiamento subì un mutamento verso la fine del primo secolo dopo Cristo. Perchè?

Com'è risaputo, nel 70 dopo Cristo Gerusalemme fu occupata ed in parte distrutta dai Romani. Israele in quanto nazione cessò di esistere. Rimaneva solo la religione come eredità comune e vincolo di un popolo disperso. Per conservare e saldare sempre più questa unità, i rabbini o capi religiosi degli Ebrei, che godevano grande autorità verso il popolo, decisero di stabilire in modo preciso e definitivo quali fossero i libri sacri o scritture e quali no. Usando criteri a noi purtroppo ignoti, dei manoscritti allora esistenti ne scelsero alcuni e ne distrussero le copie non conformi ad essi. Diedero così luogo a quello che si suole chiamare un textus receptus (= testo accettato) ossia alla Bibbia ebraica oggi in nostro possesso, escludendo altre tradizioni o edizioni che consideravano meno autorevoli.

Questa sorte toccò ai dèuterocanònici. Perchè

Tra i criteri non certamente critico-scientifici gli studiosi di storia biblica ne enumerano soprattutto tre.

a) Il primo sembra essere stato il fatto che i dèuterocanònici erano in composizione recente e non rispecchiavano perciò appieno le "tradizioni dei padri".

b) Il secondo perchè non scritti in lingua ebraica.

c) il terzo perchè erano inclusi nella Bibbia dei Settanta usata largamente dai cristiani. Il rifiuto della Bibbia dei Settanta in odio ai cristiani che se l'erano appropriata, trascinò con se il rifiuto definitivo dei dèuterocanònici.

CAPITOLO 5

BIBLE AND TRADITION

Protestant thought

to - the only source of revelation is the Bible.

b – unica via per conoscere la Rivelazione divina: lettura e libero esame delle Sacre Scritture.

                                                 
ALLEGED BIBLICAL BASIS:

a - John 20.31: "These things are written that you may believe that Jesus is Christ, the Son of God, and believing you may have life in his name. "

Mark 7.13: "You invalidating the Word of God through the tradition that you taught."

B - John 5.39: "search the Scriptures"

2 Timothy 3.15: "The Holy Scriptures have the power to give you the wisdom that will lead you to salvation through faith in Jesus Christ." So God calls each of us to read the Bible because it has the power to lead to the salvation of everyone who read it with faith.

IT SAYS:

a - even the Catholics, faithful executors of the passages quoted, reject every tradition purely human that is inconsistent with the teachings of Christ. But they fully accept the Word of God and that He has given to men in writing, or where it has been handed down orally by a divine tradition whose existence is also clearly stated in the Bible.

b - The words of Jesus reported by John (5.39) were not in such an imperious tone, in fact, the full verse says: "You search the Scriptures, thinking you have in them eternal life; now they just make me witness, and yet you refuse to come to me for life. " These words would seem that the Jews read the Scriptures regularly, but just as Protestants or Jehovah's Witnesses, do not understand the meaning and placed themselves in contradiction with them. Jesus himself says: "Your accuser is Moses, in which store all hope" (John 5.459.

In the passage quoted from St. Paul's letter to Timothy recommends the Holy Scriptures, the meaning of which Timothy had been lit by Paul: "But you remain firm in what you have learned and you are convinced, knowing from whom you learned "(3:14).

Paul himself was then repeated as necessary the work of teachers and licensed products for the correct interpretation of the Word of God: "'God himself has established some as pastors and maestri……. Questo affinché non siamo più come fanciulli sballottati dalle onde e portati qua e là da qualsiasi vento di dottrina, secondo l’inganno degli uomini, con quella loro astuzia che tende a trarre nell’errore” (Efesini 4, 11.14).

Nella fede cristiana non sono dunque ammessi gli autodidatti. Se è sempre pericoloso affidare ad un giovane i libri di testo scolastici affinché sopra di quelli e senza l’aiuto di un sicuro maestro egli si prepari agli esami, ciò sarebbe particolarmente impossibile quando il libro fosse la Bibbia.

Difficile per la sublimità delle dottrine che essa contiene, la Bibbia è resa poi di difficile interpretazione dalla diversità di tempo, di lingua e di ambiente in cui essa fu scritta e tramandata a noi da vari secoli che ne rendono ancora più oscura la dottrina. La Provvidenza divina ha provveduto a questa nostra perplessità, col donarci un Magistero vivente ed infallibile per l’interpretazione delle Sacre Scritture. Escluso o negato questo Magistero, noi vediamo come le dottrine più contrarie siano sostenute o difese facendo appello ai medesimi testi biblici: così è nata la torre di Babele del Protestantesimo che, per colmo di irragionevolezza,

accepts all the most contradictory interpretations, but excludes a priori principle and Catholic!

To give a definite interpretation of the divine thought to his children, the Church desires that all editions of the Bible are full of notes, this is not to restrict the freedom of the reader. Indeed! The texts of the Italian poets are given in the hands of our students, but full of notes just to help them in the proper understanding of the thought of our great writers. What would you say to a teacher editions given to students free of clarifying notes and rely on their interpretation of those fancy free works?

1 - Bible and the Magisterium of the Church

Catholics and Protestants agree that there are a number of sacred books containing the Word of God and called the Bible, that book par excellence. Fundamental problem for all is to know which path humanity may come to determine how many and what are the books that contain the divine revelation and that of the Bible.

: It

a - the same books held sacred can not show their divine origin, and anyone who could write a book attributing divine authority, and thus take seriously mislead readers (eg the Koran);

b - even ilo historical fact that over the centuries these books were regarded as sacred argument can be sure that these books are truly of divine origin, even the ancients might have done wrong without some guidance:

c - nor can it be left to the opinion of the individual to accept or reject some of these books, because whether or not suited to their ideas or beliefs.

If God therefore gave to humanity books containing his Word that must guide us to eternal life, as well as to us half of what we can know with absolute certainty how many and what these holy books.

also need also to understand this form in its right sense of the Bible, often difficult and obscure. Said as S. Peter: ".... In the records there are some things hard to understand that the ignorant and unstable distort, as also the other scriptures, to their destruction" (2 Peter 3: 15-16). And the same St. Peter writes: "Know this: no prophecy of Scripture is of any private interpretation" (2 Letter of Peter 1:20).

In Acts 8, 30-31 by Deacon Philip asked the Ethiopian if she understood she was reading the Scriptures, said, "How can I understand if no one explains to me?". Only Protestants have this privilege!

vain God would give us the Scriptures if we could not know for sure that the books contain much less understand the correct meaning. So God has given us a living teaching, perpetual and infallible (1, explanation follows) to take away from the impossibility of knowing and understanding his divine word.

1) Per Magistero si intende il Papa ed i Vescovi in qualità di maestri della Parola di Dio. Sono ministri della Parola e pastori del gregge (Atti 20,28). E’ detto Magistero vivo nel senso che tali ministri e pastori, per volontà di Cristo, sono presenti nella sua Chiesa in ogni epoca della storia. Sono suoi rappresentanti (Luca 10,16) per far conoscere agli uomini di tutti i tempi il suo insegnamento dato una volta per sempre (Lettera di Giuda 3). Non il proprio insegnamento ma l’insegnamento di Cristo. Il Papa e i Vescovi insegnano solo ciò che Cristo ha insegnato senza aggiungere o togliere nulla. Ciò che essi insegnano è contenuto nel deposito della fede 81 Timoteo 5,20). Lo Spirito Santo li guida nella knowledge of all truth (John 14:26).

From those same books, indisputable historical value, which is recognized by Catholics and Protestants, written by eyewitnesses of absolute truth, from which we know the mission and the doctrine of the Man-God, it is also clear that he he founded a Church which has given an authoritative Magisterium, perpetual and infallible. I try the following steps of the New Testament.

a) authoritative Magisterium

Matthew 28.18-19, "Jesus said, approaching them, I was given all authority in heaven and on earth. Go therefore and make disciples of all nations ... .. "

Mark 16:15:" Then he said to them, go around the world and preach the gospel to every creature. "

John 20.21: "Jesus then said: Peace be with you. As the Father has sent me, so I send you. "

10.3-5 2 Corinthians: "For the weapons of our warfare are not carnal, but by God the power to demolish strongholds, destroying arguments and every pretension that exalts itself against the knowledge of God, and making every thought to the obedience of Christ. "

1 Thessalonians 2.13: "We thank God continually because you accepting the Word of God heard from us, you have accepted, as the word of men, but, as is really the Word of Dio, la quale mostra la sua efficacia in voi che credete”.

       Luca 10,16: “Chi ascolta voi ascolta me, chi disprezza voi disprezza me”.

IMMIMMAGINI AND RELICS: They say that it is superstitious and insulting towards any form of worship of God to the Virgin and the saints. They say the idolatrous veneration that Catholics have for the relics of saints.

THE TRUE CHURCH OF CHRIST: The Protestants deny the value of the characteristic that Christ gave to the one true Church founded by him to make believers to recognize among many false churches. They deny that is to say, that the true Church of Christ is the One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church. Deny this because their churches do not have these characteristics and are therefore not the true church of Christ.

A

AND RELICS: They say that is insulting and superstitious in re

RDI of God every form of worship to the Virgin and the saints. They say the idolatrous veneration that Catholics have for the relics of saints.

THE TRUE CHURCH OF CHRIST: The Protestants deny the value of the characteristic that Christ gave to the one true Church founded by him to make it recognizable to those who believe among many false churches. They deny that is to say, that the true Church of Christ is one, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church. They deny this because their churches do not have these characteristics and are therefore not the true church of Christ.

IMAGES AND RELICS: They say that it is superstitious and insulting towards any form of worship of God to the Virgin and the saints. They say the idolatrous veneration that Catholics have for the relics of saints.

THE TRUE CHURCH OF CHRIST: The Protestants deny the value of the characteristic that Christ gave to the one true C HURCH he founded to make it recognizable to those who believe among many false churches. They deny that is to say, that the true Church of Christ is the One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church. They deny this because their churches do not have these characteristics and are therefore not the true church of Christ.